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Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ali Baba
Ali Baba ((アラビア語:علي بابا) ') is a character from the folk tale ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves'' (). This story is included in many versions of the ''One Thousand and One Nights'', to which it was added by Antoine Galland in the 18th century. It is one of the most familiar of the "Arabian Nights" tales, and has been widely retold and performed in many media, especially for children, where the more violent aspects of the story are often suppressed. In the story, Ali Baba is a poor woodcutter who discovers the secret of a thieves' den, entered with the phrase "Open Sesame". The thieves learn this and try to kill Ali Baba, but Ali Baba's faithful slave-girl foils their plots. Ali Baba gives his son to her in marriage and keeps the secret of the treasure. ==Textual history== The tale was added to the story collection ''One Thousand and One Nights'' by one of its European translators, Antoine Galland, who called his volumes ''Les Mille et Une Nuits'' (1704–1717). Galland was an 18th-century French Orientalist who may have heard it in oral form from a Middle Eastern story-teller from Aleppo, in modern-day Syria. In any case, the first known text of the story is Galland's French version. Richard F. Burton included it in the supplemental volumes (rather than the main collection of stories) of his translation (published as ''The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night'') and thought its origins were Greek Cypriot.〔 (n.)〕 The American Orientalist Duncan Black MacDonald discovered an Arabic-language manuscript of the legend at the Bodleian Library; however, this was later found to be a counterfeit.
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